New updated Class 10th English notes, Unit 13 Hazrat Umar RA short and long question, Choose the correct option, Verb, grammar notes, and MCQs English 10 Notes.
Unit 13 Hazrat Umar (RA) 10 class English book notes
Table of Contents
A. Answer the following questions.
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Q1: Why did Hazrat Umar Farooq (RA) deposit the jewels, given by the empress of Rome to Hazrat Umar’s (RA) wife, in the bait-Ul-Mal?
Ans: Hazrat Umar (RA) deposited the jewels given by the empress of Rome to Hazrat Umar’s (RA) wife, in bait-Ul-Mal because those jewels were gifted to her due to the high status of the Caliph Umar Farooq (RA). They considered it as a Government property.
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Q2: Hazrat Umar Farooq (RA) was one of those people who served the new religion with singleness of purpose. Describe the services of Hazrat Umar (RA) to Islam in the context of this statement?
Hazrat Umar (RA) led a very simple life and strictly followed the prophet’s teachings. He helped the prophet Muhammad (SAW) in difficult times. He participated in every war physically and economically. He served the Muslims as a servant, not as a ruler. He strictly believed in rule of law and justice.
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Q3: Humility and simplicity were the hallmarks of Hazrat Umar’s (RA) rule. Support this view by giving evidence from the given text?
Humility and Simplicity were the great qualities of Umar’s (RA) personality. He led a simple life. His life standard was no higher than a common man. He wore a simple dress and ate simple food. Once a Roman Emperor was surprised to see him lying on the bare floor of the Masjid.
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Why did Hazrat Umar (RA) not eat wheat bread?
Umar Farooq (RA) did not eat wheat bread because it was not available to every common person in his vast dominions.
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How did Hazrat Umar (RA) ensure his own accountability and the accountability of his governors before the public during his government?
Hazrat Umar (RA) ensured his own accountability and accountability of his governors before the public during his Government. A common man had easy access to Hazrat Umar (RA). Everyone was free to question his actions. Every Governor had to sign a bond on his appointment that he would lead a simple life and all people would have easy access to his presence. Hazrat Umar’s (RA) era is considered the golden period of Islam.
B. Choose the correct option.
- (C) Austere
- (c) The poor could not afford wheat
- (b) Luxury & display of wealth
- (a) Humanism & social welfare of disadvantage
- (a) the welfare of people.
B. Form verbs from these words.
| Words | Verbs |
| Protection | Protect |
| Reduction | Reduce |
| Initiation | Initiate |
| Expansion | Expand |
| Pleasure | Please |
| Food | Feed |
| Congratulation | Congratulate |
| Tight | Tighten |
| Response | Respond |
GRAMMAR
Active and Passive voice
A. Decide whether the sentences are written in Active or Passive.
- Boys like to play soccer. (Active)
- This room has been painted blue. (Passive)
- Cricket is played in Australia. (Passive)
- I am given a book. (Passive)
- We have lost our keys. (Active)
- You might see Dolphins here. (Active)
- The report must be completed by next Friday. (Passive)
- They were singing a song in the lesson yesterday. (Active)
B. Rewrite the following sentences so that the verbs will be in the active voice.
1. We are taught grammar by Mrs. Sikandar.
Mrs Sikandar teaches us grammar.
2. He was praised by the teacher.
The teacher praised him.
3. The injured were taken to the hospital by the firemen.
The firemen took the injured to the hospital.
4. The town was destroyed by an earthquake.
An earthquake destroyed the town.
5. The teacher was pleased with the boy’s work.
The boy’s work pleased the teacher.
6. The building was damaged by the fire.
The fire damaged the building.
7. By whom were you taught English?
Who taught you English?
8. You will be given a ticket by the manager.
The manager will give you a ticket.
Class 10 English Notes Newly updated
Comprehension
Q.1) Why did Hazrat Umar Farooq (R.A) deposit the jewels, given by the empress of the Rome to Hazrat Umar’s (R.A) wife, in the Bait-ul-Mal?
Answer:
Once the wife of Hazrat Umar (R.A) presented perfume bottles to the empress of Rome, the empress returned the bottles filled with precious stones. When Hazrat Umar (R.A) came to know this, He deposited the jewel in Bait-ul-Mal because He had no desire for worldly comforts or luxuries and He also did not want his family to love the luxuries of this temporary world.
Q.2) Hazrat Umar (R.A) was one of those people who served the new religion with singleness of purpose. Describe the services of Hazrat Umar (R.A) to Islam in the context of this statement.
Answer:
Hazrat Umar (R.A) was a symbol of humility, simplicity, honesty, integrity and truth. He always led a simple lifestyle in accordance to the principles of Islam and teachings of the Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H). He remained concerned about the welfare of the people of his state. Being an honest person, he never took money from Bait-ul-Mal for his personal use. He gave full liberty to everyone to come to him for any complaint or need. He used to wear simple clothes and eat simple diet.
Q.3) Humility and simplicity were the hallmarks of Hazrat Umar’s (R.A) rule. Support the view by giving evidences from the given text.
Answer:
Humility and simplicity were the hallmarks of Hazrat Umar (R.A), some of the examples are given in the lesson as evidence. Once the governor of Kufa visited Hazrat Umar (R.A), he was eating barley bread with olive oil. The governor asked him why he was not having wheat bread as it was in abundance in his dominions? Hazrat Umar (R.A) said that he couldn’t eat wheat until and unless every single citizen of the state of Madinah would have it.
Similarly, at one occasion when the envoy came to meet him, they were amazed to see the caliph whose army held sway over the three known continents of the world, was laying on the bare floor of the Majid-al-Nabawi (P.B.U.H).
Writing
A. Write a summary of the lesson “Hazrat Umar Farooq (R.A)”.
Answer:
Hazrat Umar (R.A) was one of the most dedicated companions of Hazrat Muhammad (P.B.U.H) and the second caliph of the Muslims. He (R.A) devoted himself to the service of Islam and the followers of the new religion. He (R.A) was born in Makkah in 40 B.H. He (R.A) embraced Islam at the age of 27. He was an example of genuine humility and simplicity. On asking why he was not having wheat instead of barley by the governor of Kufa. He replied that he couldn’t eat wheat until and unless every resident of Madina would afford it. Once the envoy of the Roman Emperor came to Madina when they enquired about the caliph and his palace, they were taken to Masjid of the Nabi (P.B.U.H), they were amazed to see the caliph laying on the bare floor. He (R.A) held himself accountable to every citizen of his state and thus he (R.A) ordered his governors to follow the same tradition. He (R.A) was a kind and sympathetic person who was always ready to serve the poor and needy people of his dominions. Once he helped the poor woman by giving her the bag of flour who was lulling her hungry children by boiling water and stones in the kettle. He (R.A) also apologized her for his negligence and fixed a dole for her. He (R.A) was honest to such an extent that he himself never used money from Bait-ul-Mal for his personal use even when it was advised by the doctor to take honey as a cure for his illness. Once his wife received the bottles filled with precious stones, that he (R.A) too deposited in the Bait-ul-Mal. The Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) approved his piety and virtuous nature by saying that “If Allah (SWT) had wished that there should have been another Nabi after me, He would have none other than Umar (R.A).”
B. Write a persuasive essay, having a thesis sentence, “Hazrat Umar Farooq (R.A) devoted himself to the welfare of his countrymen – not as a ruler but as a servant”.
Answer:
Islamic history is full of excellent examples of justice, bravery, piety, courage, and determination. Among all those who performed their role well and worked earnestly for the welfare of his citizens, the name of Hazrat Umar (R.A) always stand out due to his pious character, courageous acts and, welfare works.
“Hazrat Umar Farooq (R.A) devoted himself to the welfare of his countrymen – not as a ruler but as a servant”.
He (R.A) was one such personality who set an example of the best Islamic governance system. He developed the Consultative Body process that was very close to the democratic form of government. All matters relating to national and international importance were decided through comprehensive consultation called Shoora. The foundation of a real democratic system is that all the citizens of the state were given full freedom to express their concerns openly and boldly, the rulers should have power in control. It was the caliphate of Hazrat Umar (R.A) that reflected all these traits. Once he (R.A) said in his speech:
“My rights from your wealth is only equal to the right of that person who looks after the property of an orphan. If I am rich, I would not charge anything from your money. If I am a needy person, I will take only that much to make both ends meet. Gentlemen! You had many claims upon me and you have the right to check me. One of it is that the taxes collected from abroad should not be spent unnecessarily and the riches collected aft the victory in the holy wars is spent righteously. I owe it as my duty that I should try to increase your allowances and secure the boundaries of the country from the invasion of the enemy, and it is also my duty that I should not lead you, with my decisions, in which any risk of insecurity is involved.”
Hazrat Umar (R.A) not only served his people himself but make sure that all his governors and officers follow the footsteps of the Holy Prophet (S.A.W.W) in true letter and spirits. He (R.A) considered every officer accountable for his actions. He (R.A) used to take an oath from the officers at the time of their appointment not to indulge themselves in lavish spending and he also kept a record of the property.
He (R.A) was the one who established Bait-ul-Maal for the service of his peoples. The basic purpose of Bait-ul-Maal was the systematic distribution of money in such a way that the peoples’ needs would be met timely without any hindrance.
Hazrat Umar (R.A) served his people with honesty and justice. Keeping in view the example of Hazrat Umar (R.A) our leaders can develop good governance system in the country.
C. Translate the text of the incident of feeding the hungry children of the old woman by “Hazrat Umar Farooq (R.A) into Urdu.
Incident: One night as he was roaming outside Madina, he observed in a house a woman cooking something and two children sitting beside her crying for food. After waiting for some time, he asked the woman what the matter was. She told him that the children were hungry, that there was nothing in the kettle except water and a few pieces of stones and that she was lulling them to believe that food was being cooked for them. The Caliph without disclosing his identity hurried to Madina, three miles away, brought a bag of flour and was not content until the appetite was satisfied. The next day he called again to apologise to the woman for his negligence and fixed a dole for her.
Answer:
Translation:
ایک رات جب آپ مدینے کے باہر گشت کر رہے تھے، انہوں نے ایک گھر میں ایک عورت کو کچھ پکاتے ہوۓ دیکھا اور اس کے پاس دو بچے بیٹھے کھانے کے لۓ رو رہے تھے۔ کچھ دیر انتظار کرنے کے بعد، انہوں نے اس عورت سے پوچھا آخر ماجرا کیا تھا۔ اس نے بتایا کہ بچے بھوکے تھے، کیتھلی میں کچھ نہیں تھا سواۓ پانی اور کچھ پتھر کے ٹکڑوں کے اور وہ بچوں کو بہلا رہی تھی تاکہ وہ یقین کر لیں کہ ان کے لۓ کھانا تیار ہو رہا تھا۔ بغیر اپنی شناخت کرواۓ خلیفہ تین میل کے فاصلے پر مدینے کی طرف گۓ، آٹے کا تھیلا لاۓ اور اس وقت تک مطمئن نہ ہوۓ جب تک بھوک مطمئن نہ ہو گئ۔ اگلے دن اس عورت کو دوبارہ بلایا اور اپنی غفلت پر معذرت خواہ ہوۓ اور اس کے لۓ وظیفہ مقرر کیا۔
Q.4) Why did Hazrat Umar (R.A) not eat wheat bread?
Answer:
Hazrat Umar (R.A) did not eat wheat bread because every individual of his state was not able to afford it. So, he preferred to eat what everyone else in his dominions could easily buy and eat.
Q.5) How did Hazrat Umar (R.A) ensure his own accountability and the accountability of his governors before the public during his government?
Answer:
Hazrat Umar (R.A) ensured his own accountability and the accountability of his governors before the public during his government by taking an oath from the governors that when they held their office, the complainant would have easy access to his presence at any time. Similarly, on one occasion, a person shouted in a public meeting.
The followers of Islam and Hazrat Umar (R.A) wanted him to be silent but Hazrat Umar (R.A) gave him liberty to speak whatever he wanted to even if it was against him. He assured his accountability by saying that, “If such frankness is not exhibited by the people, they are good for nothing and if we do not listen to them, we would be like them.”
Grammar
A. Decide whether the sentences are written in Active or Passive.
(i) Boys like to play soccer.
(ii) This room has been painted blue.
(iii) Cricket is played in Australia.
(iv) I am given a book.
(v) We have lost our keys.
(vi) You might see dolphins here.
(vii) The report must be completed by next Friday.
(viii) They were singing a song in the lesson yesterday.
Answer:
(i) Boys like to play soccer. (Active)
(ii) This room has been painted blue. (Passive)
(iii) Cricket is played in Australia. (Active)
(iv) I am given a book. (Active)
(v) We have lost our keys. (Active)
(vi) You might see dolphins here. (Active)
(vii) The report must be completed by next Friday. (Active)
(viii) They were singing a song in the lesson yesterday. (Active)
B. Rewrite the following sentences so that the verbs will be in the active voice.
(i) We are taught grammar by Mrs Sikandar.
(ii) The injured were taken to the hospital by the fireman.
(iii) He was praised by the teacher.
(iv) The town was destroyed by an earthquake.
(v) The teacher was pleased with the boy’s work.
(vi) The building was damaged by the fire.
(vii) By whom were you taught English?
(viii) You will be given a ticket by the manager.
Answer:
(i) Mrs Sikandar teaches us grammar.
(ii) The fireman took the injured to the hospital.
(iii) The teacher praised him.
(iv) An earthquake destroyed the town.
(v) The boy’s work pleased the teacher.
(vi) The fire damaged the building.
(vii) Who taught you English?
(viii) The manager will give you a ticket.
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