Chapter 8 Wasteland English Notes for Khyber Pakhtunkhwa textbook board Peshawar, Sindh, Karachi, Islamabad, Quetta, fbise and Punjab all educational boards class 11 English notes pdf download now.
Chapter 8 Wasteland English Notes for Class 11 for Khyber Pakhtunkhwa textbook board
Table of Contents
What is the thesis statement of Mannes’ essay ‘Wasteland?’
The thesis statement of Mannes’ essay ‘Wasteland’ is that:
Man is ruthlessly damaging the natural beauty of the environment by throwing waste here and there and creating air, land, and water pollution.
How many examples of waste does Mannes cite? What do they have in common?
Mannes has given a number of examples of waste that is caused by human beings such as cans, carafe, polybags, smoke, industrial wastes, factory chemicals, debris, and other waste materials. These materials are thrown by a man on the land, in rivers, oceans and other water bodies causing air, water, and land pollution. What all these waste materials have in common is that they never become dull, never be buried, and can never be destroyed. Furthermore, they are harmful to human, plant, and animal health and cause severe damage to our environment too.
What purpose does Mannes want to achieve? Does it work?
Through this essay, Mannes wants to achieve her only purpose to make man aware about his heinous activities of destroying nature and to help him understand the damage we as humans are causing to our environment by throwing waste material on land, in water and air. It doesn’t work to a great extent as humans have become quite insensitive to nature and have forgotten his responsibilities towards taking care of it. Wasteland
Q.4) In what way is Mannes’ essay persuasive and how does it differ from a formal argument?
Answer:
Mannes’ essay ‘Wasteland’ is persuasive in nature because Mannes has used the technique of repetition and questioning to put emphasis and divert our attention towards the reaction of our action. This means that Mannes is persuading the readers to take care of the environment only if we want to live in a healthy environment. This essay is different from a formal argument because in this essay Mannes has not directly and plainly talked about waste material, pollution and its impact on the environment.
Q.5) In paragraph number five, Mannes writes: “There will not be one beach, one hill, one lane, one meadow, one forest free from the debris of man and the stigma of his improvidence.” Is it an accurate statement or exaggerated? Explain.
Answer:
The above-mentioned statement by Mannes is not an accurate one, but one can say that it is the exaggerated statement. The reason for this exaggeration is that Mannes want people to acknowledge their mistake of polluting the environment and destroying natural beauty. She wants the readers to pay heed to nature and must take care of it before it would be too late and we just have to repent on our actions in future.
Q.6) Who is Mannes’s audience? What assumptions does she make of it?
Answer:
Mannes’ audience of this essay is all human beings. She is basically addressing all human species to understand their responsibilities towards taking care of the environment and natural beauty. She wants to make it clear to the general public that their activities are causing severe damage to the environment and they should look into this affair as soon as possible and must play a constructive role in saving the world’s natural beauty.
Q.7) Why does Mannes use such a short paragraph (paragraph No. 7)? Why does she not merge it with the longer paragraph that follows?
Answer:
Mannes uses such a short paragraph (paragraph No. 7) as she wants to put emphasis on her questions and to awaken the sleeping sense of thoughtlessness of the readers. With this approach, she wants the readers to imagine and visualize the horrible sketch of the world when we were long dead and what would be left behind by us for our generations to come either heaps of debris, filth, polluted environment, ruined nature, or maybe sunken treasure. She does not merge it with the longer paragraph that follows to show the importance of the questions being asked.
Q.8) Is Mannes argument based on emotion or factual evidence? Illustrate.
Answer:
Though Mannes argument is based on factual evidence but she has not given simple evidence to support her viewpoint, instead she has used emotional language, words, and phrases. The reason for this is to put emphasis and to make readers attentive towards the burning issue of pollution and the barbaric role of man in destroying nature and the environment all over the world.
Writing Wasteland
Select a place on campus or in town that shows the effect of what Mannes is saying. In a letter to editor, describe the place with the intention of persuading your readers to do something about pollution. But before you choose a subject, spend a day looking for examples of types of waste in your environment. As you walk around your campus or your neighbourhood, what do you see? Take notes.
Grammar
A. Find the regular verbs in each line, write them in the blanks and use them in sentences.
Answer:
1. read, feel, play, see play
2.listen, do, go, make listen
3. know, help, say, think help
4. like, write, forget, eat like
5. take,bring, cut, clean clean
6. watch, be, have, meet watch
7.put, buy, cook, teach cook
8. catch, find, answer, lose answer
9. want, tell, win, sit want
10. sell, build, drink, open open
| Regular Verbs | Sentences |
| play | I like to play indoor games with my siblings. |
| listen | My mother likes to listen Junaid Jamshed’s na’ats. |
| help | On weekends, I usually help my mother in cooking. |
| like | I like spring season due to its colourfulness. |
| clean | I mostly clean my room before going to college. |
| watch | My brother likes to watch wrestling on T.V. |
| cook | My sister called me to cook biryani together. |
| answer | I called her but she didn’t answer. |
| want | I want to be a pilot. |
| open | She opens her bedroom window to get fresh air. |
B. Change the verb (in parenthesis) into the simple past.
- I (hear) a new song on the radio.
- I (read) three books last week.
- They (speak) in Urdu to the waitress.
- He (understand) during the class, but now he doesn’t understand.
- I (forget) to buy some milk.
- She (have) a baby in June.
- You (lose) your keys last week.
- They (swim) 500 m.
- At the age of 23, she (become) a doctor.
- I (know) the answer yesterday.
Answer:
1. I heard a new song on the radio.
2. I read three books last week.
3. They spoke in Urdu to the waitress.
4. He understood during the class, but now he doesn’t understand.
5. I forgot to buy some milk.
6. She had a baby in June.
7. You lost your keys last week.
8. They swam 500 m.
9. At the age of 23, she became a doctor.
10. I knew the answer yesterday.
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