Environmental Chemistry II Water is an essential component of life on earth, and understanding its chemical structure and properties is essential for protecting our environment. Water can be polluted by oil spills, chemicals, and other pollutants, and understanding the chemistry of water can help us prevent and mitigate these disasters. Additionally, water can be used as a source of energy, as well as for industrial production and agricultural uses. Understanding the structure and properties of water can help us to ensure that we use it in an efficient and sustainable way. By studying environmental chemistry, we can learn how to protect our water resources and use them responsibly.
Matric Notes Chemistry 10th Chapter 15 Environmental Online Read and Pdf
Water is one of the most essential substances for life on Earth. It covers approximately 70% of the Earth’s surface and is vital for the survival of all living organisms. However, water quality is a major concern in today’s world, with many sources of pollution affecting our rivers, lakes, and oceans. In this article, we will explore the chemistry of water and the environmental issues surrounding water quality.
Water is a chemical compound consisting of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom, with the chemical formula H2O. It is a polar molecule, meaning that it has a partial positive charge on one end and a partial negative charge on the other. This polarity allows water to form hydrogen bonds, which give it unique properties, such as high surface tension and a high specific heat capacity.
The quality of water is determined by its chemical composition, including the presence of dissolved minerals and organic compounds. Natural sources of pollution can include erosion, natural chemicals, and decaying organic matter. However, human activities are the primary source of water pollution, with industries, agriculture, and domestic activities contributing to the problem.
Chemical pollutants can include heavy metals, pesticides, and pharmaceuticals, which can have serious health effects on humans and wildlife. In addition, excess nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus can lead to harmful algal blooms, which can be toxic to aquatic life and make water unsafe for recreational activities.
Environmental chemistry plays an important role in monitoring and regulating water quality. Scientists can use various analytical techniques, such as chromatography and spectrophotometry, to detect and measure pollutants in water samples. Additionally, water treatment processes, such as coagulation and flocculation, can remove impurities and disinfect water for consumption.
In conclusion, water is a vital resource for life on Earth, and its quality is crucial for the health and well-being of humans and wildlife. Environmental chemistry plays a key role in understanding the chemical composition of water and identifying sources of pollution. By monitoring and regulating water quality, we can ensure that this precious resource remains safe and accessible for generations to come.
Differentiate between soft and hard water.
| No. | Hard water | Soft water |
| i) | It contains high amount of calcium and magnesium. | It contains high amount of sodium. |
| ii) | It doesn’t form lather with detergents. | It forms lather with detergents. |
| iii) | Forms film on reaction with soap. | Forms suds on reaction with soap. |
| iv) | It leaves deposits called scales. | It leaves no deposits. |
What is difference between biodegradable and non-biodegradable substances?
| Biodegradable substances | Non-biodegradable substances |
| Things that can be easily decomposed by natural agents like water, oxygen, ultraviolet rays of the sun, acid rains, micro-organisms etc., are called biodegradable substances. | Things that cannot be broken down or decomposed into the soil by natural agents are called non-biodegradable substances. |
| Examples: Food waste like vegetable and fruit peels, dead plants and animals, paper materials, etc. | Examples: Plastics, polystyrene, metals, toxic chemicals, paints, tyres, etc. |
Punjab Board Class 10 Chemistry Notes Environmental
